Again and again in Scripture, people are referred to as “souls” (Exodus 31:14; Proverbs 11:30). The human soul is the part of a person that is eternal – the part that continues to live after the body dies and decays. Jesus said we should not fear those who can kill only the body but not the soul (Matthew 10:28).
There is some confusion about whether the human spirit and the human soul are the same thing or differ in some way. The Bible is not entirely clear on this matter, but there is evidence of at least some subtle differences. The spirit is described more in terms of power or strength (Numbers 14:24), while the soul appears to be a more static essence. Again, the Bible gives us very little detail about the distinctions between the two. However, there is indication that they are separate entities (1 Thessalonians 5:23; Hebrews 4:12).
Jesus Christ, being fully man as well as fully God, also had a human soul. His soul experienced sorrow in Gethsemane as He prayed before going to the cross. He said, “My soul is overwhelmed with sorrow to the point of death” (Matthew 26:36–46). A messianic psalm also speaks of the Messiah’s soul, saying it would not be abandoned in Sheol, nor would His body see decay (Psalm 16:9–10; Acts 13:35–37).
The human soul can be strong or weak (2 Peter 2:14), saved or lost (James 1:21; Ezekiel 18:4). It is created by God (Jeremiah 38:16). The soul needs God’s protection, cleansing, and redemption (Leviticus 17:11; 1 Peter 1:22). The human soul is immortal, and every soul will exist somewhere for eternity (Daniel 12:2; Matthew 25:46). That is a sobering thought—every person you have ever met is a soul living in a body, and that soul will exist forever. Some will reject God’s love and as a result will have to pay for their sins with death (Romans 6:23), and because the soul is eternal, this will be eternal death. Those who accept the free gift of forgiveness and Christ’s atoning sacrifice will experience the opposite—eternal life and peace in heaven (Psalm 23:2).
When the Holy Spirit does His convicting work in a person—providing heavenly insight that speaks to spiritual needs, in contrast to the fleshly pursuit of worldly comfort and pleasures—one becomes “cut to the heart.” The natural question is: what must be done for things to change, for salvation and return to God?
“Brothers, what shall we do?” Repent, be baptized, and believe (in Jesus). Acts 2:38
“What must we do to do the works God requires?” – Believe in the One He has sent. John 6:28–29
Repentance and faith are all we can do. That’s it. Because we can do NOTHING without the Lord. John 15.
Faith acts as a barrier between the old man, our sinful nature and works, and the new creation in us—the works of faith.
So, if we lack faith in something, it is better not to do it. James says that faith without works is dead. But he does not call for more or greater activity—he calls for works that come from faith. “Which are from faith” is the key here. Not works for show or imitation of faith. We need works motivated by true faith. There is no need to imitate faith or imitate works that look faithful. We must truly believe—and from that belief, works will naturally follow. That’s why Jesus says that in order to do God’s works, we must believe.
Works are a product of human will.
The soul has mind, emotions, and will. The intellect and emotions don’t initiate works—they simply decorate or justify them. It is the will that drives action.
Therefore, if a person has faith—and it is genuine faith—his will is guided by that faith. The result is action driven by a will shaped by faith. The mind informs and motivates the will, emotions stir and influence the mind, and conscience provides moral motive—but if there is no will, there are no deeds.
Thus, the hardest part of faith is turning it into action—into a decision of the will. People often have such strong will for sin and destructive deeds! But where is the believer’s will for works of faith?
Fear and obedience in a humble soul silence the voice of worldly logic and emotion, and give way to heavenly reason and feeling, leading to action and works born of faith.
That is why James says that works complete faith—not because they earn salvation, but because they mature it and prove it true.
This is the meaning behind the teaching of the apostle Paul: “Work out your own salvation with fear and trembling” (Philippians 2:12). Working out our salvation does not mean saving ourselves. If that were the case, Christ’s sacrifice would be unnecessary. Salvation has already been accomplished for us through the Lord’s work. But we cannot remain passive, having received the revelation of that sacrifice. Our response to the finished work of salvation is this “working out.” Because if our response didn’t matter, if salvation did not involve it, we would be nothing more than passive and will-less spectators to the greatest act of love and sacrifice ever made for our redemption.